希望专业各位大侠多多帮助，谢谢。
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Lotus, an early cultivar, Centre
of reference in agriculture and agri-food, Quebec, Canada) is one of
the most important crops (Herridge et al., 2008; Prévost et al., 2010)
and a source of vegetable protein and oil. Soybean represents half of
the global legume crop area and 68% of global production and fixes
16.4 Tg N/year, it represents more than three fourths of the N fixed
by the crop legumes (Herridge et al., 2008). Fungal diseases are
a main obstacle to obtain a high yield of soya during commercial
cultivation and generally some chemical fungicides are applied
to control these diseases. Application of chemical fungicide has
been replaced by biocontrol agents because of the emergence of
fungicide-resistant strains and public concerns regarding the health
and environmental impacts of these chemicals. During the past few
decades, several potential biocontrol organisms have been isolated,
characterized and commercialized, and thus, biocontrol of plant
diseases has received more consideration in plant disease control
(Shali et al., 2010). Trichoderma spp. are considered as potential
biocontrol and growth promoting agents for many crop plants
(Verma et al., 2007; Bai et al., 2008; Savazzini et al., 2009). The
competition with pathogens, parasitism and the production of
antifungal compounds are the most important mechanisms in
biocontrol activity (Verma et al., 2007; Savazzini et al., 2009).
Trichoderma populations can be established relatively easily in
different types of soil and can continue to persist at detectable levels
for months. Trichoderma viride (isolate obtained from Indian Insti-
tute of Technology, New Delhi, India) is a biocontrol agent against
soil borne plant pathogens and it can easily colonize in plant
rhizosphere and help to promote the plant growth (Verma et al.,
2007).
Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are two fungal pathogens that
heavily infect soybean and thus influence growth from germination
to all stages of plant development. Pythium spp. infections are
common to corn and soybean and cause damping-off diseases of
both crops. The damage caused by Pythium spp. can bring in major
economic losses to plant growers (Zhang and Yang, 2000). Fusarium
spp., such as Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines infect the seedling root
and cause leaf symptoms (necrosis, chlorosis, defoliation, etc.),
which usually begin slightly before or after flowering. Severe early
infections of this strain may reduce yield through seed and pod
abortion (Luo et al., 1999).
参考知识1
oybean(l)(甘氨酸马克斯Merr.投递简历。莲花,一种早期使用的品种、中心
在农业和agri-food参考,加拿大魁北克)之一
最重要的作物(Herridge等;Prevost高庆宇,2008年《2010年)等。
和一个来源的植物蛋白和石油。大豆代表一半的
豆类作物面积和全球68%的全球生产和修正
N /年164 Tg,它代表超过四分之三的氮固定
豆类作物Herridge高庆宇,2008)等。真菌疾病是
一个主要障碍获得高产大豆在商业的
一些化学杀菌剂的培养和普遍被采用
控制这些疾病有关。应用化学杀菌剂
因为已经被生物产生的代理人
人们关心fungicide-resistant应变与健康
这些化学物质和环境的影响。在过去的几
几十年来,几个潜在的生物有机体被孤立,
表征和商业化的,因此,生物的植物上
疾病已经收到更多考虑在防治植物病害
(Shali高庆宇,2010年)等。霉病是被作为潜力
生物和生长促进剂对许多作物
苏达权等,2007年(迫近,白等;Savazzini高庆宇,2008年《2009年)等。这
竞争的病原体,寄生和生产
抗真菌化合物是最重要的机制
生物活性(迫近,Savazzini苏达权等,2007年《2009年)等。
建立绿色木种群可以相对容易
不同类型的土壤和能继续坚持在探测到的水平
好几个月了。绿色木霉(从印度Insti隔离获得-
tute技术、新德里,印度)是一种生物剂反对的理由
土传植物病原真菌,它可以很容易的定植在植物
根际和促进植物生长(套迫近等。
2007年)。
腐霉病、镰孢菌病是两种真菌的病原体
严重感染大豆,进而影响经济增长的发芽
对植物发育的各个阶段。腐霉病感染
普通的damping-off玉米和大豆的疾病而引起的
两季作物。腐霉病造成的损失可以带来专业
种植者经济损失(张家港工厂和杨,2000)。病菌
枯萎病,如病菌感染猪分别为f苗木根部
而引起叶片(坏死,绿,啃食,等等。),
这通常略之前或之后开始开花。严重的早期
这种病毒可以感染的产量减少通过种子和豆荚
流产(罗苏达权等,1999)。